Drainage system.



J. R. HARRISON.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 1912.

Patented July 16, 1912.

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WITNESSES m IN ENTpR Wxmk WW J. R. HARRISON. DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AP]; 27, 1912.

1,032,405. Patented July 16, 1912.

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WITNES N roR COLUMBIA PMNOGRAPH co, WASHINGTON, D. c.

JAMES R. HARRISON, 0F PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 16, 1912.

Application filed April 27, 1912. Serial No. 693,696.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, J AMES R. HARRISON, acitizen of the United States, residing at Peoria, in the county ofPeoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Drainage Systems, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to improvements in drainage systems.

More particularly, my invention relates to a system adapted to drain toa pervious stratum beneath the surface of the ground that willfacilitate ready absorption of all normal flow to it.

The object of my invention is to provide means for draining ponds orother normally wet and therefore non-productive ground that has nonatural fall to an outlet or to provide an outlet for land lyingadjacent bodies of water which approximate substan tially the normallevel of such body of water, and generally in connection with drainagesystems.

My invention consists in the arrangement of tile or equivalent conductorarranged within a vertical opening in the ground extending from itssurface to an absorbent or percolating stratum, the association oflateral tile ducts therewith to discharge thereinto and to means forproperly centering such lateral tile with relation to the opening intothe vertical drain and to make a com plete closure in conjunction withthe tile around and above the opening into the vertical drain, wherebythe ordinary and commercial tile may be used without modification by thesimple addition of filler blocks, which latter may be cemented in placeor may be held in place by the ordinary filling thereabout of earth, ormay be formed about and between the tile.

In the drawings, Figure l is a plan view of my system; Fig. 2 is "avertical sectional view on the line wm, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a rear viewof a filler block; Fig. 4 is a plan view of a filler block; Fig. 5 is aview of the filler block from the opposite end from that shown in Fig.8, and Fig. 6 is a view of the filler block viewed from the direction ofthe pointing of the arrow in relation to Fig. 4.

The common system of land drainage of course is well known to constitutemerely a lead of tile commonly disposed in a low swale and leading to anopen discharge into a creek, ditch or the like.

My invention is directed to a use not possible to accomplish in ordinarydrainage, for lnstance the draining of ponds which have no outlet, alsoto drainage where the level of the ground is approximately that of anadacent body of water, so that there is not suflicient fall to renderdrainage effective. In such emergency, by providing the vertical drainleading to a sub strata at considerable depth, sul'licient fall may beobtained. This system may be employed even in association with ordinarytile drainage where there is sufficient fall but where there isditliculty in getting a proper outlet, for instance where a natural tilelead passes to an adjacent farm and there is no provision for continuingthe lead. In such emergency, the vertical drain may be disposed at theend of the lead and will take care of water flowing thereto byconducting it to a pervious and percolating substratum.

My invention may be used in many associations impractical andunnecessary to particularly specify.

In the drawings, 1 indicates a vertical drain, which may be formed of aplurality of ordinary tiles of any size designed.

In carrying out the system, in practice I plan to excavate to a depth ofabout four feet and of a suitable diameter, then in the center of theexcavation, to bore down to any necessary depth to reach a pervious orpercolating stratum. Such stratum will be reached ordinarily at a depthof about fifteen to eighteen feet. Vertical drains comprising tile orthe like, are designed to be placed in this vertical opening. Then it ismy plan to provide lateral drains as 2 closed at their outer ends, as at5 leading to the opening into the vertical drain so that the ends of thelateral lead drains will bear over the edge of the vertical drain. Theterminal tile may be brought into contact rela tion, if desired, or theymay extend just slightly over the edge of the wall of the verticaldrain. I have shown four lateral leads in the drawings; however, anydesired number may be employed, as for instance, two, three, or more. Toproperly center the tile I have provided the centering or filler blocks3 which in the employment of four lateral leads have a right angulartriangular gen eral form, but in case three lateral leads should beemployed, then the form would be that of an obtuse angle, and the formof the filler block would vary in accordance with the number of lateralleads employed. The

form of the centering or filler blocks is immaterial.

The sides of the filler block leading to the apex are in formsemicircular to conform to the shape of the tile so that when they areinserted they will meet the walls of the tile and the top edges of theblock will match and lie-in bearing relation forming a complete cover atthe top when all the filler blocks are placed in position, as shown inFig. 1. The lower edges of the filler block at their apex are cut awayas at 4 so as to form, when the blocks are joined, an opening leadinginto the tile, the lower edges of the blocks, however, extending overthe edges of the vertical drain, making a complete closure with relationto the lower portions of the drain tile and the vertical drain so thatdirt cannot enter into the vertical drain. The filler blocks 3 may beeifectually cemented in position, if desired; however, they may besimply placed in the relation shown in Fig. 1 and then the excavationmay be filled in thereabout and properly tamped down, and in ordinarycircumstances will hold the blocks in proper relation to center the tileand keep them in proper position, and also to exclude the entrance ofdirt. Exactly the same plan is followed if a different number of leaddrains is employed, the only difference being in the shape of the fillerblocks.

In practice, it is my plan to cement the joints of the lateral lead tileso as to effectually guard against the entrance of dirt that might actto clog the vertical drains.

- I accomplish this by depositing a quantity of cement at the joints,then lay the ends of the tile in place therein and then cement about theremainder of the joint. A joint made in this manner will absolutelyprevent the entrance of dirt and the clogging of the vertical drain. Ifunder some conditions, the vertical drain should become clogged,excavation may be made suflicient to cause the filler blocks to beremoved, then an auger may be inserted in the vertical drain to free itfrom obstruction.

Employing my drainage system, I can readily provide a perfectlyeflicient outlet for any drainage system. It has special efficiencywhere there is no natural outlet. By employing the lateral leads, I amable to carry off such sudden accumulations as occur in cup shapedformations in the ground very rapidly.

A very substantial advantage in the employment of my system is thatcommercial tile may be utilized to carry out the drainage, simply by theaddition of filler blocks.

One form of core box may be used to make any number of such fillerblocks. Of course, when different numbers of leads are to be employed,it will require a filler block for each set.

lVhat I claim is:

1. In a'drainage system, in combination, a vertically disposed drainadapted to be placed in the ground extending to a depth suflicient tocommunicate with a percolating sub-stratum, lateral drains theretoclosed at their outer ends and means for associating the terminals ofthe lateral drains with the vertical drain in a relation to dischargeinto the latter to hold the terminals of the lateral drains in positionwith relation. to the vertical drain and in spaced relation and to forma complete closure about the connected drains.

2. In a drainage system, in combination, a vertically disposed drainadapted to be placed in the ground extending to a depth sufficient tocommunicate with a percolat- 7 ing sub-stratum, lateral drains theretoextending over the edge of the upper terminal of the vertical drain,means for associating the terminals of the lateral drains with thevertical drain in a relation to discharge into the latter, and the samemeans for spacing the laterals apart and forming a complete closureabout the connected lateral and vertical drains.

3. In a drainage system, in combination,

a vertically disposed drain adapted to be placed in the ground andextending to a depth sufficient to communicate with a per colatingsub-stratum, lateral drains thereto, spacing blocks shaped to conform tothe terminals of the lateral drains adapted to be inserted therebetweenand to form a complete closure about the connection of the lateral andvertical drains.

4. In a drainage system, in combination, a vertically disposed drainadapted to be placed in the ground and extending to a depth sufficientto communicate with a percolating sub-stratum, lateral drains thereto,spacing blocks shaped to conform with the contour of the lateral drainsand conjointly completely encircling the same except the lower edgeadjacent the vertical drain, to

form a complete closure about the connected JAMES R. HARRISON.

Witnesses:

MARY E. CoMEGYs, W. V. TEFFT.

M copies 0 this P t nt may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the Commissioner of Iatents,

7 Washington, D. c, c

